NEP: New Economics Papers Central and South America 2010-02-13

NEP: New Economics Papers
Central and South America

Edited by:	Maximo Rossi
	Universidad de la Republica
Issue date:	2010-02-13
Papers:	5

Note: Access to full contents may be restricted.
NEP is sponsored by SUNY Oswego.

In this issue we have:

1. Depósitos Em Moeda Estrangeira Como Hedge Para Investidores Brasileiros De Longo Prazo: Uma Aplicação Da Teoria Da Escolha Estratégica De Portfólio
   Carlos Eduardo Meyer dos Santos; Marcos Antonio C. da Silveira
2. Real Gross Domestic Income, Relative Prices and Economic Performance Across the OECD
   Macdonald, Ryan
3. Is Informality Bad? Evidence from Brazil, Mexico and South Africa
   Bargain, Olivier; Kwenda, Prudence
4. Falling Kidnapping Rates and the Expansion of Mobile Phones in Colombia
   Santiago Montenegro; Álvaro Pedraza
5. Collective Action forWatershed Management: Field Experiments in Colombia and Kenya
   Juan Camilo Cárdenas; Luz Ángela Rodríguez; Nancy Johnson

Contents.

1. Depósitos Em Moeda Estrangeira Como Hedge Para Investidores Brasileiros De Longo Prazo: Uma Aplicação Da Teoria Da Escolha Estratégica De Portfólio

   Date:	2010-01
   By:	Carlos Eduardo Meyer dos Santos Marcos Antonio C. da Silveira
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1462&r=lam
   O viés doméstico é observado na composição dos portfólios de diferentes classes de ativos financeiros. A literatura oferece argumentos conflitantes quanto à racionalidade deste comportamento no caso de portfólios investidos em títulos de curto prazo, usualmente denominados depósitos em moeda. No contexto de uma economia sujeita à forte volatilidade cambial, o pensamento convencional sugere que investidores conservadores devem concentrar estes depósitos em títulos domésticos. No entanto, estes instrumentos podem ser bastante arriscados para um investidor de longo prazo devido à incerteza quanto à taxa de juros de curto prazo vigente nos períodos futuros. Não menos importante, sob a hipótese da paridade descoberta de juros, pode ser ótimo para este investidor manter depósitos em moeda estrangeira como hedge intertemporal contra uma deterioração das oportunidades domésticas de investimento. Na raiz deste argumento está o fato de que o menor retorno esperado dos títulos domésticos, à medida que estimula a saída de capitais, é acompanhado pela depreciação real da moeda doméstica. Logo, depósitos em moeda estrangeira reduzem a volatilidade da riqueza futura, uma vez que o tamanho da riqueza corrente tende a aumentar quando seu retorno esperado diminui. Este trabalho avalia a eficiência dos depósitos em moeda estrangeira como hedge intertemporal para investidores brasileiros de longo prazo. A principal conclusão é que investidores razoavelmente conservadores devem manter parte significativa destes depósitos em dólares, libras e ienes. The home bias is observed in the composition of portfolios of different classes of financial assets. The literature offers conflicting arguments about the rationality of this behavior in the case of the portfolios invested in short-term securities, commonly known as currency deposits. In the context of an economy subject to strong volatility, the conventional wisdom suggests that conservative investors should concentrate these deposits on domestic bonds. However, these instruments can be very risky for a long-term investor due to uncertainty about the future short-term interest rate. Not least important, under the assumption of uncovered interest parity, it may be optimal for this investor to maintain foreign currency deposits as a hedge against a deterioration of the domestic investment opportunities. On the root of this argument is the fact that the lower expected return on domestic bonds, as it stimulates the outflow of capital, it is accompanied by real depreciation of the domestic currency. Therefore, the foreign currency deposits reduce the volatility of future wealth as the size of current wealth tends to increase when its expected return decreases. This work evaluates the effectiveness of the foreign currency deposits as an intertemporal hedge for Brazilian long-term investors. The main conclusion is that fairly conservative investors should allocate significant part of these deposits in dollars, pounds and ienes.

2. Real Gross Domestic Income, Relative Prices and Economic Performance Across the OECD

   Date:	2010-01-28
   By:	Macdonald, Ryan
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:stc:stcp5e:2010059e&r=lam
   This paper uses Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) data to examine changes in labour productivity, real gross domestic product (GDP), real gross domestic income (GDI), economic aggregates and relative economic growth over time. Real GDI combines changes in production (real GDP), with a trading gain derived from relative price changes. The paper considers two sources of trading gains: the terms of trade and the real exchange rate. For OECD countries, the terms of trade is the more important price ratio, making a contribution to real income growth that is, on average, an order of magnitude larger than the real exchange rate. Over long time periods, the most important source of real income growth is changes in production. Over shorter time horizons, however, the trading gain can make noteworthy contributions. Changes in aggregates, like real private consumption or the relative economic performance of nations, are shown to be particularly dependent on the trading gain during the large swings in resource prices that occurred after 2002.
   Keywords:	Economic accounts, Gross domestic product, Productivity accounts

3. Is Informality Bad? Evidence from Brazil, Mexico and South Africa

   Date:	2010-01
   By:	Bargain, Olivier (University College Dublin) Kwenda, Prudence (University College Dublin)
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp4711&r=lam
   The informal sector plays an important role in the functioning of labor markets in emerging economies. To characterize better this highly heterogeneous sector, we conduct a distributional analysis of the earnings gap between informal and formal employment in Brazil, Mexico and South Africa, distinguishing between dependent and independent workers. For each country, we use rich panel data to estimate fixed effects quantile regressions to control for (time-invariant) unobserved heterogeneity. The dual nature of the informal sector emerges from our results. In the high-tier segment, self-employed workers receive a significant earnings premium that may compensate the benefits obtained in formal jobs. In the lower end of the earnings distribution, both informal wage earners and independent (own account) workers face significant earnings penalties vis-à-vis the formal sector. Yet the dual structure is not balanced in the same way in all three countries. Most of the self-employment carries a premium in Mexico. In contrast, the upper-tier segment is marginal in South Africa, and informal workers, both dependent and independent, form a largely penalized group. More consistent with the competitive view, earnings differentials are small at all levels in Brazil.
   Keywords:	quantile regression, earnings differential, informal sector, salary work, self-employed, fixed effects model
   JEL:	J21

4. Falling Kidnapping Rates and the Expansion of Mobile Phones in Colombia

   Date:	2009-11-09
   By:	Santiago Montenegro Álvaro Pedraza
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000089:006652&r=lam
   This paper tries to explain why kidnapping has fallen so dramatically in Colombia during the period 2000-2008. The widely held belief is that the falling kidnapping rates can basically be explained as a consequence of the success of President Alvaro Uribe´s democratic security policy. Without providing conclusive alternative explanations, some academic papers have expressed doubts about Uribe’s security policy being the main cause of this phenomenon. While we consider the democratic security policy as constituting a necessary condition behind Colombia’s falling kidnapping rates, we argue in this paper that a complementary condition underlying this phenomenon has been the significant increase during this period in the speed and quality of communications between potential victims and public security forces. In this sense, the expansion of the mobile phone industry in Colombia implies that there has been a substantial reduction in information asymmetries between kidnappers and targeted citizens. This has led to a higher level of deterrence as well as to higher costs for perpetrating this type of crime. This has resulted in a virtuous circle: improved security allows higher investments in telecommunications around the country, which in turn lead to faster communications between citizens and security forces, which consequently leads to greater security. We introduce a Becker-Ehrlich type supply and demand model for kidnappings. Using regional and departmental data on kidnapping, the police and mobile phones, we show that mobile phone network expansion has expanded the effective coverage of public protection; this, in turn, has led to a spectacular reduction in kidnapping rates.

5. Collective Action forWatershed Management: Field Experiments in Colombia and Kenya

   Date:	2009-11-15
   By:	Juan Camilo Cárdenas Luz Ángela Rodríguez Nancy Johnson
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000089:006649&r=lam
   The dilemma of collective action around water use and management involves solving both the problems of provision and appropriation. Cooperation in the provision can be affected by the rival nature of the appropriation and the asymmetries in the access. We report two field experiments conducted in Colombia and Kenya. The Irrigation Game was used to explore the provision and appropriation decisions under asymmetric or sequential appropriation, complemented with a Voluntary Contribution Mechanism experiment which looks at provision decisions under symmetric appropriation. The overall results were consistent with the patterns of previous studies: the zero contribution hypotheses is rejected whereas the most effective institution to increase cooperation was face-to-face communication, and above external regulations, although we find that communication works much more effectively in Colombia. We also find that the asymmetric appropriation did reduce cooperation, though the magnitude of the social loss and the effectiveness of alternative institutional options varied across sites.

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This nep–lam issue is ©2010 by Maximo Rossi. It is provided as is without any express or implied warranty. It may be freely redistributed in whole or in part for any purpose. If distributed in part, it must include this copyright notice. It may not be sold, or placed in something else for sale.

General information on the NEP project can be found at http://nep.repec.org/. For comments please write to the director of NEP, Marco Novarese at <>.

_______________________________________________
nep-lam mailing list
nep-lam@lists.repec.org
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NEP: New Economics Papers Unemployment, Inequality and Poverty 2010-02-13

NEP: New Economics Papers
Unemployment, Inequality and Poverty

Edited by:	Maximo Rossi
	University of the Republic
Issue date:	2010-02-13
Papers:	12

Note: Access to full contents may be restricted.
NEP is sponsored by SUNY Oswego.

In this issue we have:

1. Pro-Poor Tax Reforms, with an Application to Mexico
   Jean-Yves Duclos; Paul Makdissi; Abdelkrim Araar
2. Testing for Mobility Dominance
   Yélé Maweki Batana; Jean-Yves Duclos
3. Property Rights, Standards of Living, and Economic Growth: Western Canadian Cree
   Ann Carlos; Frank Lewis
4. Family Job Search, Wage Bargaining, and Optimal Unemployment Insurance
   Ek, Susanne; Holmlund, Bertil
5. Inequality Aversion and Risk Attitudes
   Ferrer-i-Carbonell, Ada; Ramos, Xavi
6. Objective Confirmation of Subjective Measures of Human Well-being: Evidence from the USA
   Oswald, Andrew J.; Wu, Stephen
7. Youth Unemployment: Déjà Vu?
   Bell, David N.F.; Blanchflower, David G.
8. Youth Employment in Europe: Institutions and Social Capital Explain Better than Mainstream Economics
   Contini, Bruno
9. Screening, Competition, and Job Design: Economic Origins of Good Jobs
   Bartling, Björn; Fehr, Ernst; Schmidt, Klaus M.
10. Divorced Fathers' Proximity and Children's Long Run Outcomes: Evidence from Norwegian Registry Data
    Kalil, Ariel; Mogstad, Magne; Rege, Mari; Votruba, Mark
11. Mental Health and Working Conditions in European Countries
    Cottini, Elena; Lucifora, Claudio
12. Wage Inequality and the Changing Organization of Work
    Dennis Görlich; Dennis Snower

Contents.

1. Pro-Poor Tax Reforms, with an Application to Mexico

   Date:	2010
   By:	Jean-Yves Duclos Paul Makdissi Abdelkrim Araar
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lvl:lacicr:1001&r=ltv
   This paper proposes a methodology for testing for whether tax reforms are pro-poor. This is done by extending stochastic dominance techniques to help identify tax reforms that will necessarily be deemed absolutely or relatively pro-poor by a wide spectrum of poverty analysts. The statistical properties of the various estimators are also derived in order to make the method implementable using survey data. The methodology is used to assess the pro-poorness of possible reforms to Mexico’s indirect tax system. This leads to the identification of several possible pro-poor tax reforms in that country. It also shows how the pro-poorness of a tax reform depends on one’s conception of poverty as well as on the revenue and efficiency impact of the reform.
   Keywords:	Stochastic dominance, pro-poor changes, tax reforms, Mexico
   JEL:	D12

2. Testing for Mobility Dominance

   Date:	2010
   By:	Yélé Maweki Batana Jean-Yves Duclos
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lvl:lacicr:1002&r=ltv
   This paper proposes tests for stochastic dominance in mobility based on the empirical likelihood ratio. Two views of mobility are considered, either based on measures of absolute mobility or on transition matrices. First-order and second-order dominance conditions in mobility are first derived, followed by the derivation of statistical inferences techniques to test a null hypothesis of non dominance against an alternative of mobility dominance. An empirical analysis, based on the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), is performed by comparing four income mobility periods ranging from 1970 to 1990.
   Keywords:	Mobility, Stochastic dominance, Transition matrices, Empirical Likelihood ratio, Bootstrap tests
   JEL:	C10

3. Property Rights, Standards of Living, and Economic Growth: Western Canadian Cree

   Date:	2010-01
   By:	Ann Carlos (University of Colorado, Boulder) Frank Lewis (Queen's University)
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:wpaper:1232&r=ltv
   The Great Divergence in standards of living for populations around the world occurred in the late 18th century. Prior to that date evidence suggests that real wages of most Europeans, many living in China and India were similar. Some a little higher and some a little lower but with a low dispersion. By the middle of the 19th century, a divergence had occurred with western Europe pulling away from other groups. Little is known about the standards of living of the aboriginal peoples of North America many of whom were primarily hunter/gatherer’s at the end of the 18th century. Based on comparisons of expenditure, we show that the standard of living of aboriginal people in 1740 was similar to that of wage workers in London. However, within the next century, there would be a great divergence. This paper explores the ways in which hunter-gatherer lifeways and the concomitant property rights structures reduced the likelihood that native economy could experience modern rates of economic growth. Native society and property rights structures which provided a relatively high standard of living in the mid eighteenth century and for part of the nineteenth was unable to provide avenues for further development.
   Keywords:	native americans, living standards, property rights
   JEL:	N51

4. Family Job Search, Wage Bargaining, and Optimal Unemployment Insurance

   Date:	2010-01
   By:	Ek, Susanne (Uppsala University) Holmlund, Bertil (Uppsala University)
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp4701&r=ltv
   The paper develops an equilibrium search and matching model where two-person families as well as singles participate in the labor market. We show that equilibrium entails wage dispersion among equally productive risk-averse workers. Marital status as well as spousal labor market status matter for wage outcomes. In general, employed members of two-person families receive higher wages than employed singles. The model is applied to a welfare analysis of alternative unemployment insurance systems, recognizing the role of spousal employment as a partial substitute for public insurance. The optimal system involves benefit differentiation based on marital status as well as spousal labor market status. Optimal differentiation yields small welfare gains but gives rise to large wage differentials.
   Keywords:	job search, wage bargaining, wage differentials, unemployment, unemployment insurance
   JEL:	J31

5. Inequality Aversion and Risk Attitudes

   Date:	2010-01
   By:	Ferrer-i-Carbonell, Ada (IAE Barcelona (CSIC)) Ramos, Xavi (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp4703&r=ltv
   Using self reported measures of life satisfaction and risk attitudes, we empirically test whether there is a relationship between individuals inequality and risk aversion. The empirical analysis uses the German SOEP household panel for the years 1997 to 2007 to conclude that the negative effect of inequality measured by the sample gini coefficient by year and federal state is larger for those individuals who report to be less willing to take risks. Nevertheless, the empirical results suggest that even though inequality and risk aversion are related, they are not the same thing. The paper shows that the relationship between risk attitudes and inequality aversion survives the inclusion of individual characteristics (i.e. income, education, and gender) that may be correlated with both risk attitudes and inequality aversion.
   Keywords:	happiness, inequality aversion, risk attitudes, well-being
   JEL:	D3

6. Objective Confirmation of Subjective Measures of Human Well-being: Evidence from the USA

   Date:	2010-01
   By:	Oswald, Andrew J. (University of Warwick) Wu, Stephen (Hamilton College)
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp4695&r=ltv
   A huge research literature, across the behavioral and social sciences, uses information on individuals' subjective well-being. These are responses to questions – asked by survey interviewers or medical personnel – such as "how happy do you feel on a scale from 1 to 4?" Yet there is little scientific evidence that such data are meaningful. This study examines a 2005-2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System random sample of 1.3 million United States citizens. Life-satisfaction in each U.S. state is measured. Across America, people's answers trace out the same pattern of quality of life as previously estimated, using solely non-subjective data, in a literature from economics (so-called 'compensating differentials' neoclassical theory due originally to Adam Smith). There is a state-by-state match (r = 0.6, p <>
   Keywords:	compensating differentials, well-being, happiness, spatial equilibrium
   JEL:	I31

7. Youth Unemployment: Déjà Vu?

   Date:	2010-01
   By:	Bell, David N.F. (University of Stirling) Blanchflower, David G. (Dartmouth College)
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp4705&r=ltv
   This paper reviews current issues in youth labour markets in developed countries. It argues that young people aged 16-25 have been particularly hard hit during the current recession. Using the USA and UK as cast studies, it analyses both causes and effects of youth unemployment using micro-data. It argues that there is convincing evidence that the young are particularly susceptible to the negative effects of spells of unemployment well after their initial experience of worklessness. Because the current youth cohort is relatively large, the longer-term outlook for youth unemployment is quite good, but there is a strong case for policy intervention now to address the difficulties that the current cohort is having in finding access to work.
   Keywords:	youth unemployment, scarring, ethnic crime, health, life satisfaction, wages, ALMP
   JEL:	J01

8. Youth Employment in Europe: Institutions and Social Capital Explain Better than Mainstream Economics

   Date:	2010-01
   By:	Contini, Bruno (LABORatorio R. Revelli)
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp4718&r=ltv
   Why did employment growth – high in the last decade – take place at the expense of young workers in the countries of Central and Southern Europe? This is the question addressed in this paper. Youth unemployment has approached or exceeded 20% despite a variety of factors, common to most EU countries. According to neo-classical economics all would be expected to exert a positive impact on its evolution: population ageing and the demographic decline, low labor cost of young workers, flexibility of working arrangements, higher educational attainment, low unionization of young workers, early retirement practices of workers 50+. But neither seems to provide a convincing explanation. Historically based institutions and political tradition, cultural values, social capital – factors that go beyond the standard explanation of economic theory – provide a more satisfying interpretation.
   Keywords:	youth employment, unemployment, social capital, institutions
   JEL:	J0

9. Screening, Competition, and Job Design: Economic Origins of Good Jobs

   Date:	2010-01
   By:	Bartling, Björn (University of Zurich) Fehr, Ernst (University of Zurich) Schmidt, Klaus M. (University of Munich)
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp4710&r=ltv
   In recent decades, many firms offered more discretion to their employees, often increasing the productivity of effort but also leaving more opportunities for shirking. These "high-performance work systems" are difficult to understand in terms of standard moral hazard models. We show experimentally that complementarities between high effort discretion, rent-sharing, screening opportunities, and competition are important driving forces behind these new forms of work organization. We document in particular the endogenous emergence of two fundamentally distinct types of employment strategies. Employers either implement a control strategy, which consists of low effort discretion and little or no rent-sharing, or they implement a trust strategy, which stipulates high effort discretion and substantial rent-sharing. If employers cannot screen employees, the control strategy prevails, while the possibility of screening renders the trust strategy profitable. The introduction of competition substantially fosters the trust strategy, reduces market segmentation, and leads to large welfare gains for both employers and employees.
   Keywords:	job design, high-performance work systems, screening, reputation, competition, trust, control, social preferences, complementarities
   JEL:	C91

10. Divorced Fathers' Proximity and Children's Long Run Outcomes: Evidence from Norwegian Registry Data

    Date:	2010-01
    By:	Kalil, Ariel (University of Chicago) Mogstad, Magne (Statistics Norway) Rege, Mari (University of Stavanger) Votruba, Mark (Case Western Reserve University)
    URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp4715&r=ltv
    This study examines the link between divorced nonresident fathers' proximity and children's long-run outcomes using high-quality data from Norwegian population registers. We follow (from birth to young adulthood) 15,992 children born into married households in Norway in the years 1975-1979 whose parents divorce during his or her childhood. We observe the proximity of the child to his or her father in each year following the divorce and link proximity to children's educational and economic outcomes in young adulthood, controlling for a wide range of observable characteristics of the parents and the child. Our results show that closer proximity to the father following a divorce has, on average, a modest negative association with offspring's young-adult outcomes. The negative associations are stronger among children of highly-educated fathers. Complementary Norwegian survey data show that highly-educated fathers report more post-divorce conflict with their ex-wives as well as more contact with their children (measured in terms of the number of nights that the child spends at the fathers' house). Consequently, the father's relocation to a more distant location following the divorce may shelter the child from disruptions in the structure of the child's life as they split time between households and/or from post-divorce interparental conflict.
    Keywords:	fathers' proximity, divorce, child development, long-run outcomes, relocation
    JEL:	J12

11. Mental Health and Working Conditions in European Countries

    Date:	2010-01
    By:	Cottini, Elena (University of Milan) Lucifora, Claudio (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore)
    URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp4717&r=ltv
    Increased pressure for labour market flexibility and increasing demand over workers' performance have fostered the idea that working conditions, in most European countries, have progressively deteriorated with adverse effects on psychological well being and mental health. This paper investigates the links between contractual arrangements, working conditions and mental health using time-series cross-section data for 15 European countries. We use different waves of the European Working Conditions Survey (1995, 2000, 2005) to document recent patterns in mental health at the workplace and to assess how these are related to various job attributes. We find substantial heterogeneity in mental health incidence at the workplace both across workers, as well as between countries. Given population heterogeneity in responses to mental health questions, we implement a methodology for differential reporting in ordered response models which allows for threshold shifts. We show that a set of workplace attributes, such as: working in shifts, performing complex and intensive tasks and having restricted job autonomy lead to a higher probability of reporting mental health problems. We also provide evidence of a positive causal effect of adverse overall working conditions on mental health distress. We show that labour market institutions, and health and safety regulations can explain a significant part of cross-country differences.
    Keywords:	working conditions, mental health, health and safety regulation, labour market institutions
    JEL:	C25

12. Wage Inequality and the Changing Organization of Work

    Date:	2010-01
    By:	Dennis Görlich Dennis Snower
    URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kie:kieliw:1588&r=ltv
    This paper sheds light on how changes in the organization of work lead to wage inequality. We present a theoretical model in which workers with a wider span of competence (higher level of multitasking) earn a wage premium. Since abilities and opportunities to expand the span of competence are distributed unequally among workers across and within education groups, our theory explains (1) rising wage inequality between groups, (2) rising wage inequality within groups, and (3) the polarization of work and the decoupling of the income distribution. Using a rich German data set covering a 20-year period from 1986 to 2006, we provide empirical support for our model
    Keywords:	wage inequality, multitasking, tasks, organizational change
    JEL:	J31

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This nep–ltv issue is ©2010 by Maximo Rossi. It is provided as is without any express or implied warranty. It may be freely redistributed in whole or in part for any purpose. If distributed in part, it must include this copyright notice. It may not be sold, or placed in something else for sale.

General information on the NEP project can be found at http://nep.repec.org/. For comments please write to the director of NEP, Marco Novarese at <>.

_______________________________________________
nep-ltv mailing list
nep-ltv@lists.repec.org
http://lists.repec.org/mailman/listinfo/nep-ltv

Edición Especial: Productos de investigación del dECON 2009

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Boletín dECON - Febrero 2010 - Edición Especial: Productos de investigación del dECON 2009

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Boletín Edición Especial / Febrero 2010


Edición Especial: Productos de investigación del dECON 2009

Índice

· Artículos en revistas arbitradas (22)

· Artículos en Libros (10)

· Documentos de trabajo (32)

· Presentaciones en Congresos (37)


- Accinelli, E.; London S.; Punzo, L.; Carrera E.: “Complementariedades, Dinámicas, Eficiencia y Equilibrio de Nash en un modelo de firmas y trabajadores" EconoQuantum, Vol. 6 /1. pp: (2009).

- Accinelli, E; Suárez P.: “Regionalismo y cooperación económica en América del Norte" Estudios Económicos, Vol XXV (N.S.), No. 51, Julio-Diciembre del año 2009.

- Accinelli, E.; Suárez, P.: “América Latina en el marco del siglo XXI: avances y retrocesos." Expresión Económica, No. 22, pp. 31-48, enero-junio 2009 ISSN 1870-5960,

- Alvarez, Ignacio; Natalia da Silva; Alvaro Forteza; Ianina Rossi: “El retiro de los trabajadores uruguayos y la seguridad social”, Revista de Economía, BCU (en prensa).

- Amarante, Verónica; Bucheli, Marisa: “La negociación salarial colectiva: las rondas 2005 y 2006”. Relaciones Laborales, Nº 19, Montevideo, abril-julio 2009, pgs. 96-123.

- Azar, Karina; Gerstenblüth, Mariana; Rossi, Máximo: Moral fiscal en el Cono Sur. Desarrollo y Sociedad. Universidad de los Andes, Colombia. Aceptado para publicación.

- Balsa, Ana; Ferres, Daniel; Rossi, Máximo; Triunfo, Patricia: Inequidades socioeconómicas en el uso de servicios sanitarios del adulto mayor montevideano. Estudios Económicos, vol. 24, número 1, enero-junio, El Colegio de México.

- Borraz, Fernando; González, Nicolás: Impact of the Uruguayan Conditional Cash Transfer Programme Revise and resubmit. Cuadernos de Economía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Aceptado para publicación.

- Borraz, Fernando; González, Nicolás: PANES: Focalización e Impacto Well-Being and Social Policy. Aceptado para publicación

- Brañas, Pablo; Zaclicever, Dayna; Rossi, Máximo: Individual's religiosity enhances trust: Latin American evidence for the puzzle, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking (JMC&B) Vol. 41, issue 2-3, marzo-abril, Ohio State University.

- Cid, Alejandro; Ferrés, Daniel & Rossi, Maximo: Subjetive well-being among the elderly in the sourthen cone: health, income and family. Egitania sciencia, Número 5. Politécnico da Guarda, Portugal (http://www.ipg.pt/revistaipg).

- Forteza, Alvaro: The Portability of Pension Rights: General Principles and the Caribbean Case, Development Policy Review, 2010, 28 (2): 237-255.

- Ferre, Zuleika; Gersntenblüth, Mariana; Rossi, Maximo: Religión y religiosidad en Uruguay. Cuadernos del Claeh, Aceptado para publicación.

- Melgar, Natalia; Rossi; Máximo; Smith, Tom: The perception of corruption. International Journal of Public Opinion Research. Oxford University Press. Forthcoming.

- Melgar, Natalia; Rossi, Máximo: Perception of corruption in Uruguay. Revista de Economía y Administración, Universidad de Concepción, Chile. Aceptado para publicación.

- Melgar, Natalia; Rossi, Máximo; Smith, Tom: “The perception of corruption in a cross-country perspective: why are some individuals more perceptive than others?”. Brazilian Journal of Applied Economics. Universidad de San Pablo, Brasil. Aceptado para publicación.

- Pagano, Juan Pablo; Rossi, Maximo; Triunfo, Patricia: Obesidad e Hipertensión en el adulto mayor del Uruguay. Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes, Colombia. Aceptado para publicación.

- Pagano, Juan Pablo; Rijo, Natalia; Rossi, Maximo: Fecundidad y oferta laboral femenina en Uruguay. Un enfoque económico. Población y salud en Mesoamérica. Revista electrónica semestral ISSN 1659-0201. Centro Centroamericano de Población. Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica.

- Rossi, Máximo; Triunfo, Patricia: "Medical behavior: an application to cesarean section delivery in Uruguay", International Journal of Health Care Finance and Economics. (2009) 9:333-345. Springer Netherlands.

- Vaillant, Marcel: “Novas oportunidades para economias pequenas e remotas: o Uruguai como exportador de serviços”, No 100, Revista Brasileira e Comercio Exterior FUNCEX, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, julio-setiembre.

- Vaillant, Marcel; Moncarz, Pedro: “Who wins in South-South Trade Agreements?, New evidence for MERCOSUR”, forthcoming in the next issue of Journal of Applied Economics, Buenos Aires Argentina.

- Vaillant, Marcel; Ferreira, Natalia: “Evolución del espacio de productos exportados ¿Está Uruguay en el lugar equivocado?”, aceptado para su publicación en el próximo número de la Revista de Economía del BCU, Montevideo, Uruguay

Artículos en Libros

- Accinelli, Elvio: “Introducción a la optimización no lineal." Aportaciones Matemáticas, serie Textos de la Sociedad Matemática Mexicana: No. 34: (2009) 196 páginas ISBN 978-968-36-3591- 4. Editorial Reverte.


- Accinelli, Elvio: “Dynamic Complementarity, E±ciency and Nash Equilibria in the Populations of Firms and Workers". Dynamics, games and Sicence in honour of Mauricio Peixoto and David

Rand. The book appears as a Proceeding of the Conference DYNA2008, Braga, Portugal. (To appear)



- Accinelli, Elvio; E. Carrera and G. Brida : “Imitative Behavior in a Two Population Model" . To appear in Annals of Dynamic Games, vol. XI.

- Accinelli, Elvio: “La teoría de los juegos evolutivos, naturaleza y racionalidad" Libro: Temas de teoría económica y su método pp. 287-304. Compilador Dr. Juan Jos Jardn Urrieta. Ed. Thomson Civitas en Espana. (2009) en imprenta. ISBN es 84-470-2295-8.

- Borraz, Fernando: “Essays on Education, Globalization and Inequality”. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. ISBN 978-3-8383-1196-8

- Borraz, Fernando; Ferrés, Daniel; Rossi, Maximo: “Assessment of the Distributive Impact of Trade Reforms in Uruguay”. Libro: Theory and Evidence on Growth, Trade and Economic Development: with Special Reference to Latin America. Editor: Gerardo Angeles Castro. Editorial: Routledge. Forthcoming


- Forteza, Alvaro; Marisa Bucheli; Ianina Rossi; Máximo Rossi: Crecimiento, desigualdad e instituciones, en: Miguel Serna (Ed), Pobreza, desigualdad y políticas sociales: una agenda en debate, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, UDELAR (en prensa).

- Forteza, A.; Lucchetti, L.; Pallares-Miralles, M.: “Measuring the Coverage Gap”. In: R. Holzmann; D. Robalino and N. Takayama (eds), “Closing the Coverage Gap. The Role of Social Pensions and Other Retirement Income Transfers”, The World Bank. ISBN 978-0-8213-7914-4

- Rossi, Ianina; Máximo Rossi: "Religiosity: A comparison between Latin Europe and Latin America” En: The International Social Survey Program 1984 – 2009. Charting the Globe. Editores: Max Haller (University of Graz, Austria), Roger Jowell (City University, London) y Tom W. Smith (NORC, University of Chicago). Editorial: Routledge, member of the Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN: 978-0-415-49192-1 Link:http://www.routledge.com/shopping_cart/products/product_detail.asp?curTab=CONTRIBUTORS&id=&parent_id=&sku=&isbn=9780415491921&pc=

- Soruco, Ximena; Piani, Giorgina; Rossi, Máximo: "What emigration leaves behind: the situation of emigrants and their families in Ecuador" en Discrimination in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank - LADF Series World Bank. ISBN: 978-0-8213-7837-3


Documentos de trabajo

1. N. Melgar, G. Piani & M. Rossi: Are there differences between perception of corruption at public and private sector? A multi-country analysis


2. N. Melgar: ¿Qué aspectos motivan las opiniones de los ciudadanos de la Unión Europea acerca de la inmigración y el libre-comercio? ¿Ideología, intereses personales y/ o características nacionales?


3. R.T. Jewell, N. Melgar, D.J. Molina & M. Rossi: Attitudes toward immigrants: a cross-country perspective


4. Z. Ferre, M. Gerstenblüth, M. Rossi & P. Triunfo: Decisión sobre iniciación sexual: el caso de adolescentes uruguayas


5. M. Gerstenblüth, Z. Ferre, M. Rossi & P. Triunfo: Impacto de la maternidad adolescente en los logros educativos


6. J.P. Pagano, V. Pérez, M. Rossi & D. Vairo: ¿Los hombres son mejores líderes políticos que las mujeres?: un estudio comparado sobre los valores de género en Uruguay y Chile


7. M. Bucheli, C. González & C. Olivieri: Flujos económicos entre edades: Uruguay 2006


8. N. Melgar, J. Milgram & M. Rossi: The role of macroeconomic performance in individual’s attitudes towards protectionism


9. N. Melgar & M. Rossi: Perception of corruption in Uruguay: the effects of the sector of employment, life-course adjustments and education


10. N. Melgar & M. Rossi: Permissiveness toward illegal actions in Uruguay Are Belief in God, income and education relevant?


11. G. Bittencourt & N. Reig Lorenzi: La industria de biocombustibles en Uruguay: situación actual y perspectivas


12. G. Bittencourt & N. Reig Lorenzi: Diagnóstico de crecimiento para Uruguay desde una perspectiva regional


13. A. Doneschi, V. Novas & C. Velázquez: Los ingresos de los universitarios: ¿qué carreras pagan más?


14. A. Doneschi, V. Novas & C. Velázquez: Financiamiento de la Universidad de la República: otro Fondo de Solidaridad


15. A. Balsa, M. Rossi & P. Triunfo: Horizontal Inequity in Access to Health Care in Four South American Cities


16. P. Brañas-Garza, J.C. Cárdenas & M. Rossi: Gender, education and reciprocal generosity: Evidence from 1,500 experiment subjects


17. R. Patrón: Can more education be bad? Some simple analytics on financing education


18. R. Patrón: Trade liberalization in a Heckscher–Ohlin model: Does public skill formation change the conventional results?

19. N. Melgar & M. Rossi: A cross-country analysis of the risk factors for depression at the micro and macro level



20. N. Melgar, G. Piani, M. Rossi & A.Taroco: Tolerancia: mapa de las reservas mundiales Un estudio comparado desde la opinión pública



21. G. Carracelas, C. Casacuberta & M. Vaillant: Productividad total de factores: Desempeño sectorial heterogéneo



22. A. Lalanne, M. Olarreaga & M. Vaillant: Globalización: viejos obstáculos, nuevas especializaciones y nuevas reglas



23. I. Álvarez, N. da Silva, A. Forteza & I. Rossi: ¿Qué incentivos al retiro genera la seguridad social? El caso uruguayo.



24. I. Álvarez, N. da Silva, A. Forteza & I. Rossi: El retiro de los trabajadores uruguayos y la seguridad social



25. M. Gerstenblüth & M. Rossi: ¿Son más felices las personas saludables? La evidencia de Chile y Uruguay



26. Z. Ferre, M. Gerstenblüth & M. Rossi: Religión y Religiosidad en Uruguay



27. G. Bittencourt, G. Carracelas, A. Doneschi & N. Reig Lorenzi: Tendencias Recientes de la Inversión Extranjera Directa en Uruguay



28. M. Bucheli & W. Cabella: Fathers and children: alimony and contact after marriage breakdown (Uruguay)



29. J.P. Pagano, N. Rijo & M. Rossi: Fecundidad y Oferta Laboral femenina en el Uruguay: Un Enfoque Económico



30. L. da Costa Ferré: Diagonal Cumulation of Rules of Origin in South America



31. A. Forteza & G. Ourens: How much do Latin American pension programs promise to pay back?



32. Estrades & I. Terra: International Commodity Prices, Trade and Poverty in Uruguay



Presentaciones en Congresos



- Balsa, Ana; Ferres, Daniel; Rossi, Máximo; Triunfo, Patricia: "Inequidades socioeconómicas en el uso de servicios sanitarios del adulto mayor montevideano”. Primer Congreso Nacional de Economía de la Salud, 23 y 24 de abril, Montevideo, Uruguay.

- Bittencourt, Gustavo; Carracelas, Gastón; Doneschi, Andrea; Reig Lorenzi, Nicolás: “Tendencias Recientes de la Inversión Extranjera Directa en Uruguay”. XXIV Jornadas de Economía del BCU, 5 y 6 de octubre de 2009, y VIII Jornadas Anuales de Investigación Científica de la FCS-UDELAR, 8 y 9 de setiembre de 2009.

- Borraz, Fernando: “Wage inequality: empirical evidence for Uruguay” Jornadas de Economía del BCU. 6 de octubre.

- Borraz, Fernando: LACEA, Buenos Aires. 3 de octubre. “Assessment of the Distributive Impact of National and External Trade Reforms in Brazil”

- Borraz, Fernando: LA ECONOMIA POLITICA DE LA INSERCION INTERNACIONAL DEL URUGUAY

Woodrow Internacional Center for Scholars, Montevideo, 14 de setiembre.”La apertura económica en Uruguay: efectos distributivos y sectoriales”

- Borraz, Fernando: “Tecnologías de la información y comunicación y la brecha salarial según género en Uruguay” Americas Communication Research Network Conference, ciudad de Mexico. 4 de Septiembre

- Borraz, Fernando: “Assessment of the Distributive Impact of National and External Trade Reforms in Brazil” Research Committee Development Economics. Universidad de Frankfurt. Alemania. 28 de junio.
- Borraz, Fernando: “Wage inequality: empirical evidence for Uruguay” Network on Inequality and Poverty, Montevideo. 5 de junio.
- Borraz, Fernando: “Haciendo Operativas las Evaluaciones de Impacto de Programas Sociales” CISS, Coneval, Universidad Iberoamericana, PNUD, ciudad de Mexico. 13 de febrero. “PANES: Focalización e Impacto”
- Bucheli, Marisa; González, Cecilia; Olivieri, Cecilia. “Transferencias públicas a niños y adultos mayores en Urugay”. Conferencia Regional “Transferencias Intergeneracionales, Envejecimiento y Protección Social en América Latina”, 20 y 21 de octubre de 2009, Santiago de Chile.

- Bucheli, Marisa; González, Cecilia; Olivieri, Cecilia: “Public transfers to elder and children in Uruguay”, presentado en XXVI Conferencia Internacional de la IUSSP- Poster session Nº4, 27 setiembre a 2 octubre de 2009, Marrakech, Marruecos y en 9th Arnoldshain Seminar, 5 a 9 de octubre de 2009, Montevideo-Punta del Este, Uruguay.

- Bucheli, Marisa; Cabella, Wanda: “Fathers and children: alimony and contacts alter marriage breakdown (Uruguay)”. XXVI IUSSP International Population Conference, Marrakech, Marruecos.

- Bucheli, Marisa; González, Cecilia; Olivieri, Cecilia: “El sistema de cuentas de transferencias” presentado en el Seminario: “Transferencias intergeneracionales, envejecimiento de la población y protección social”, 21 de mayo de 2009, Montevideo, Uruguay.

- Doneschi, Andrea; Novas, Victoria; Velázquez, Cecilia: “Financiamiento de la UdelaR: otro Fondo de Solidaridad”. XVII Jornadas de Jóvenes Investigadores, de la Asociación de Universidades del Grupo Montevideo (AUGM), Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina, 27, 28 y 29 de octubre de 2009.

- Ferre, Zuleika; Gerstenblüth, Mariana; Rossi, Máximo; Triunfo, Patricia: "Decisión sobre iniciación sexual: el caso de adolescentes uruguayas”. Primer Congreso Nacional de Economía de la Salud, 23 y 24 de abril de 2009, Montevideo, Uruguay.

- Ferre, Zuleika; Gerstenblüth, Mariana; Rossi, Máximo; Triunfo, Patricia: "Embarazo adolescente y logros educativos”. Primer Congreso Nacional de Economía de la Salud, 23 y 24 de abril de 2009, Montevideo, Uruguay.

- Ferre, Zuleika; Melgar, Natalia; Rossi, Máximo: "Corporate Social Responsibility in Uruguay. What enterprises do and what people think about it”. Primer evento regional para Latinoamérica y España sobre Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, 19 de noviembre de 2009, Medellín, Colombia.

- Ferre, Zuleika; Gerstenblüth, Mariana; Rossi, Máximo y Triunfo, Patricia: "Impacto de la maternidad adolescente en los logros educativos”. NIP. Capítulo Uruguay. 4 y 5 de junio. Montevideo, Uruguay.

- Ferre, Zuleika; Gerstenblüth, Mariana; Rossi, Máximo y Triunfo, Patricia: "Impacto de la maternidad adolescente en los logros educativos”. XXIV Jornadas de Economía de la Salud. 16-19 de junio. Málaga, España.

- Ferre, Zuleika; Gerstenblüth, Mariana; Rossi, Máximo y Triunfo, Patricia: "Decisión sobre iniciación sexual: el caso de adolescentes uruguayas”. XXIV Jornadas de Economía de la Salud. 16-19 de junio. Málaga, España.

- Forteza Álvaro; Rossi, Ianina; Sanroman, Graciela; Apella, Ignacio; Fajnzylber, Eduardo; Grushka, Carlos; Apella, Ignacio; Fajnzylber, Eduardo; "Work histories and pension entitlements in Argentina, Chile and Uruguay". LACEA, 1-3 de octubre, y BID y Banco Mundial, Washington DC, Setiembre.

- Forteza, Álvaro; Rossi, Ianina: “The contribution of government transfer programs to inequality. A net benefit approach”. Third Meeting of the Society for the Study of Economic Inequality (ECINEQ), 21-23 de julio. Link: http://www.ecineq.org/ecineq_ba/general.htm

- Forteza, Álvaro; Rossi, Ianina: “The contribution of government transfer programs to inequality. A net benefit approach”. Reunión anual de la red sobre desigualdad y pobreza de América Latina y el Caribe (NIP), capítulo de Uruguay: “Economía de la desigualdad y la pobreza” (4 y 5 de junio de 2009).

- Forteza, Alvaro y Guzmán Ourens: “How Much Do Latin American Pension Programs Promise to Pay Back?”, XXIV Jornadas de Economía del BCU, 5 y 6 de octubre de 2009 y seminarios en el Banco Mundial, Washington DC, y las universidades de Córdoba, Argentina, y Gotemburgo, Suecia.

- Forteza, Alvaro y Ianina Rossi: “Role and Costs of Retirement Income Transfers in NDCs with Sparse Contribution Densities”. Conferencia: Non-Financial Defined Contribution (NDC) Systems: Progress and New Frontiers in a Changing Pension World. Joint Swedish Social Insurance Agency - World Bank Conference, Stockholm, Sweden. Dec 2-4, 2009.

- Gerstenblüth, Mariana; Rossi, Máximo; Triunfo, Patricia: "Felicidad y salud: una aproximación al bienestar en el Río de la Plata”. Primer Congreso Nacional de Economía de la Salud, 23 y 24 de abril de 2009, Montevideo, Uruguay.

- Gerstenblüth, Mariana; Rossi, Máximo; Triunfo, Patricia: "Impacto de la maternidad adolescente en los logros educativos”. Primer Congreso Nacional de Economía de la Salud, 23 y 24 de abril de 2009, Montevideo, Uruguay.

- Melgar, Natalia; Rossi, Máximo; Smith, Tom: "Perception of corruption. What are the relevant personal characteristics that shape it?” Equity Policy Dialogue: Corruption, Critical Perspectives from the South, 1 al 3 de octubre, Dakar, Senegal.

- Melgar, Natalia; Rossi, Máximo: "Permissiveness toward illegal actions in Uruguay. Are Belief in God, income and education relevant?” VIII Jornadas Anuales de Investigación Científica de la FCS-UDELAR, 8 y 9 de setiembre de 2009, Montevideo, Uruguay

- Melgar, Natalia; Rossi, Máximo; Smith, Tom: "Individual Attitudes Towards Others, Misanthropy Analysis in a Cross-Country Perspective”. Third Conference of the European Survey Research Association, 29 de junio al 3 de julio de 2009, Varsovia, Polonia.

- Sanroman, Graciela: “Estimating heterogeneous costs of participation in the risky asset markets”. North American Summer Meeting of the Econometric Society at Boston University, Boston, Junio 2009

- Vaillant, Marcel: El artículo “Regionalism as industrial policy in Developing countries the case of mercosur” Pedro Moncarz, Marcelo Olarreaga, Marcel Vaillant se presentó en varios seminarios académicos a nivel nacional e internacional:

· The Political Economy of Trade Policy in the BRICS Department of International Development (World Bank)The Murphy Institute and Leverhulme Centre for Research on Globalisation and Economic Policy (March, New Orleans);

· Fourth UNCTAD Virtual Institute Meeting Joint research project on regional integration and cooperation in Latin America (Geneva, May);

· Jornadas de Economía del Banco Central de Uruguay, Octubre Montevideo. Presentó Pedro Moncarz.

· IX Arnoldshain Seminar October, Montevideo and Punta del Este). Presentó Pedro Moncarz.

· Workshop on Regional Integration and Cooperation in Latin America, Diciembre, Montevideo.

- Vaillant, Marcel: VII Annual Conference of the Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT) Trade and Regional Disparities. October 23-26, Kiel; Alemania. Invitado a participar como comentarista del trabajo “Taxation, Infrastructure and endogenous trade cost in new economic geographic” by Stefan Gruber and Luigi Marattin. Organizado por el IBD y el Kiel Institute de Alemania.

- Vaillant, Marcel: “MERCOSUR: ZLC, Política Comercial Común, Servicios y Materias Complementarias”, sección nacional del Parlamento MERCOSUR de Paraguay, 16 de junio, Asunción. Actividad organizada por EPICA y la Fundación Ebert.

- Vaillant, Marcel: “Integración física e integración Comercial en el marco del Curso sobre Infraestructura para la Integración”, IIRSA BID-INTAL, Setiembre, Buenos Aires.

- Vaillant, Marcel: “Uruguay y el MERCOSUR: ¿lecciones aprendidas? Binomio inversión y acceso para una economía pequeña” Seminario “LA ECONOMÍA POLÍTICA DE LA INSERCIÓN INTERNACIONAL DE URUGUAY”, Woodrow Wilson Center-CURI, 14 de Setiembre, Hotel Cala Di Volpe, Montevideo, Uruguay.

- Vaillant, Marcel: presentación ponencia en el Ministerio de Hacienda de Paraguay MERCOSUR “Profundización de la Unión Aduanera y sus implicancias para Paraguay”, 15 de diciembre Asunción.







Boletín Edición Especial

Febrero 2010




Coordinador: Máximo Rossi

Edición: Máximo Rossi y Camila Gutiérrez



Departamento de Economía (dECON)

Facultad de Ciencias Sociales- Universidad de la República

Constituyente 1502 Montevideo, Uruguay

Tel. 410-6449 www.decon.edu.uy

NEP: New Economics Papers Unemployment, Inequality and Poverty 2010-02-05

NEP: New Economics Papers
Unemployment, Inequality and Poverty

Edited by:	Maximo Rossi
	University of the Republic
Issue date:	2010-02-05
Papers:	2

Note: Access to full contents may be restricted.
NEP is sponsored by SUNY Oswego.

In this issue we have:

1. Global Wage Inequality and the International Flow of Migrants
   Mark R. Rosenzweig
2. Medicare Part D and the Financial Protection of the Elderly
   Gary V. Engelhardt; Jonathan Gruber

Contents.

1. Global Wage Inequality and the International Flow of Migrants

   Date:	2010-01
   By:	Mark R. Rosenzweig (Economic Growth Center, Yale University)
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egc:wpaper:983&r=ltv
   A framework for understanding the determinants in the variation in the pricing of skills across countries and the model underlying the Mincer specification of wages that is used widely to estimate the relationship between schooling and wages are described. A method for identifying skill prices and for testing the Mincer model, using wages and the human capital attributes of workers located around the world, is discussed. A global wage equation that nests the Mincer specification is estimated that provides skill price estimates for 140 countries. The estimates reject the Mincer model. The skill price estimates indicate that variation in skill prices dominates the cross-country variation in schooling levels or rates of return to schooling in accounting for the global inequality in the earnings of workers worldwide. Variation in skill prices and GDP across countries has opposite and significant effects on the number and quality of migrants to the United States.
   Keywords:	wage, skill price, international migration, inequality
   JEL:	J31

2. Medicare Part D and the Financial Protection of the Elderly

   Date:	2009-10
   By:	Gary V. Engelhardt Jonathan Gruber
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crr:crrwps:wp2009-24&r=ltv
   We examine the impact of the expansion of public prescription prescription-drug insurance coverage from Medicare Part D has had on the elderly and find evidence of substantial crowd-out. Using detailed data from the 2002-6 waves of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), we estimate that the extension of Part D benefits resulted in 75% crowd-out of prescription drug insurance coverage and 33%-50% crowd-out of prescription drug expenditures of those 65 and older. Part D is associated with relatively small reductions in out-of-pocket spending. This suggests that the welfare gain from protecting the elderly from out-of-pocket spending risk through Part D has been small.

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This nep–ltv issue is ©2010 by Maximo Rossi. It is provided as is without any express or implied warranty. It may be freely redistributed in whole or in part for any purpose. If distributed in part, it must include this copyright notice. It may not be sold, or placed in something else for sale.

General information on the NEP project can be found at http://nep.repec.org/. For comments please write to the director of NEP, Marco Novarese at <>.

_______________________________________________
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NEP: New Economics Papers Central and South America 2010-02-05

NEP: New Economics Papers
Central and South America

Edited by:	Maximo Rossi
	University of the Republic
Issue date:	2010-02-05
Papers:	5

Note: Access to full contents may be restricted.
NEP is sponsored by SUNY Oswego.

In this issue we have:

1. Do reductions of standard hours affect employment transitions? : Evidence from Chile
   Sánchez, Rafael
2. The determinants of wealth and gender inequity in cognitive skills in Latin America
   Macdonald, Kevin; Barrera, Felipe; Guaqueta, Juliana; Patrinos, Harry Anthony; Porta, Emilio
3. Determinants of exports diversifications around the world: 1962 - 2000
   Manuel Agosin; Roberto Álvarez; Claudio Bravo-Ortega; Esteban Puentes
4. Estimación de Series de Salarios Regionales en Chile
   Jorge Dresdner; Carlos Sanhueza
5. Do Countries with Lax Environmental Regulations Have a Comparative Advantage in Polluting Industries?.
   Miguel Angel Quiroga; Martin Persson; Thomas Sterner

Contents.

1. Do reductions of standard hours affect employment transitions? : Evidence from Chile

   Date:	2010
   By:	Sánchez, Rafael (University of Warwick)
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:warwec:925&r=lam
   This study exploits the reduction of weekly working hours from 48 to 45 occured in Chile in January 2005. We use this pure and exogenous policy change to identify the employment effects of such a policy. Our main contribution is that we overcome the problems of previous studies such as : selection between hours and employment, lack of identification strategy due to the joint implementation of policies and lack of crucial variables (like hourly wages and usual hours). Our results suggest no significant effects of a reduction of standard hours on employment transitions and a significant effect on hourly wages (i.e. wage compensation). These results are robust to several specifiations.

2. The determinants of wealth and gender inequity in cognitive skills in Latin America

   Date:	2010-01-01
   By:	Macdonald, Kevin Barrera, Felipe Guaqueta, Juliana Patrinos, Harry Anthony Porta, Emilio
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:5189&r=lam
   Wealth and gender inequity in the accumulation of cognitive skills is measured as the association between subject competency and wealth and gender using the OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment. Wealth inequity is found to occur not through disparate household characteristics but rather through disparate school characteristics; little evidence is found of an association between wealth and competency within schools. Weak evidence is found of wealth mitigating gender differences through school characteristics. These findings suggest that wealth inequity in the accumulation of cognitive skills is almost exclusively associated with disparate school characteristics and that disparate school characteristics may play a role in accentuating gender inequity.
   Keywords:	Tertiary Education,Education For All,Disability,Primary Education,Secondary Education

3. Determinants of exports diversifications around the world: 1962 - 2000

   Date:	2010-01
   By:	Manuel Agosin Roberto Álvarez Claudio Bravo-Ortega Esteban Puentes
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:udc:wpaper:wp309&r=lam
   Using a large dataset of countries during the last forty years, this paper analyzes the main determinants of export diversification. We explore the role of several factors and we use three different indicators of export diversification. We find robust evidence across specifications and indicators that trade openness induces higher specialization and does not favor export diversification. In contrast, financial development helps countries to diversify their exports. Looking at the effects of exchange rates, our results suggest a negative effect of real exchange rate overvaluation, but not significant effects of exchange rate volatility. We also find evidence that capital accumulation contributes positively to diversity exports and that increasing remoteness tend to reduce export diversification. We explore also the role of terms of trade shocks. Some of our results suggest that there is an interesting interaction between this variable and human capital. We find that improvements in terms of trade tend to concentrate exports, but this effect is lower for those countries with higher levels of human capital. This evidence suggests that countries with higher education can take advantage of positive terms of trade shocks to increase export diversification.
   Keywords:	Export diversification, reforms, exchange rate
   JEL:	F10

4. Estimación de Series de Salarios Regionales en Chile

   Date:	2009
   By:	Jorge Dresdner (Departamento de Economía, Universidad de Concepción.) Carlos Sanhueza (Programa Magister en Economía de Recursos Naturales y del Medio Ambiente. Universidad de Concepción)
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cnc:wpaper:07-2009&r=lam
   En este artículo se presentan series corregidas de salarios mensuales con periodicidad trimestral para trece regiones en Chile en el período Diciembre 1994 - Diciembre 2004. La información se origina de la Superintendencia de Administradoras de Fondos de Pensiones, pero ha sido corregida por sesgos de truncación y censuramiento. El análisis comparativo entre series corregidas y sin corregir indica que éstas tienen un comportamiento diferenciado desde el punto de vista estadístico, y que las series sin corregir no constituyen un buen predictor de las corregidas. Por ello, para el análisis de salarios regionales es conveniente utilizar las series corregidas.
   Keywords:	Salarios regionales, Estimación, Truncamiento, Censura.

5. Do Countries with Lax Environmental Regulations Have a Comparative Advantage in Polluting Industries?.

   Date:	2009
   By:	Miguel Angel Quiroga (Departamento de Economía, Universidad de Concepción) Martin Persson (Department of Energy and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Sweden) Thomas Sterner (Department of Economics, Göteborg University)
   URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cnc:wpaper:03-2009&r=lam
   We study whether lax environmental regulations induce comparative advantages, causing the least-regulated countries to specialize in polluting industries. We seek to improve three areas in the empirical literature based on the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek’s factor content of trade, more specifically in Tobey’s (1990) approach: the measurement of environmental endowments, the possible endogeneity due to an omitted variable that has not been considered, and the influence of the industrial level of aggregation. For the econometrical analysis, we use a cross-section of 71 countries to examine the net exports in the most polluting industries in the year 2000. As a result, we find that industrial aggregation matters and we find some evidence in favor of the pollution-haven effect.
   Keywords:	trade, comparative advantage, pollution haven, environmental endowment,environmental regulation, Porter hypothesis, factor content, aggregation bias, nonhomothetic preferences.

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This nep–lam issue is ©2010 by Maximo Rossi. It is provided as is without any express or implied warranty. It may be freely redistributed in whole or in part for any purpose. If distributed in part, it must include this copyright notice. It may not be sold, or placed in something else for sale.

General information on the NEP project can be found at http://nep.repec.org/. For comments please write to the director of NEP, Marco Novarese at <>.